Monarda are hardy to -15C, which means you can plant them directly outside in pots or borders in spring and there is no need to protect them from frost over winter.

— Soak the roots in water for 3-6 hours prior to planting.

— Plant directly into a weed-free space in a border in spring. Alternatively, to avoid disturbance, you can pot them up into temporary pots to grow on for a few months first.

— Plant the roots so that they are fully submerged with the crown or buds just below the surface and any top growth or leaves exposed.

— Plant in borders or sturdy containers in full sun or partial shade.

— If planting in containers, use multipurpose or soil-based compost.

— Space the plants 20-30cm apart

— Water-in after planting and keep hydrated when in growth in the first season. Once established, they will only need watering when the soil is very dry.

— Read further general instructions about planting bare-root perennials