Polystichum is one of the largest of the fern genera, with hundreds of species and named forms. Among them are some of the best hardy garden ferns. All of them appreciate good drainage, often with some lime in the soil. They have common names including Christmas fern, prickly shield fern, holly fern and sword fern.

Almost all Polystichum are evergreen, with a fairly leathery texture to the fronds. The unfurling spring fronds (or croziers) are a strong feature: the curled-up tip of the frond is rolled in towards the crown, but the weight of the crozier acts to bend the tip away from the crown, creating an intriguing S-shape.

At all stages, Polystichum are attractive plants, the fronds lasting through winter and looking respectable. However, it is a good idea to prune away a few of the older, more untidy ones, before the new flush appears.